This report aims to contribute to building more equal, effective and enabling partnerships in conflict settings. It is based on research commissioned by Oxfam and conducted with International Alert in three protracted conflict settings: Afghanistan, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Kachin state in Myanmar. It examines the impact of violent conflict on civil society and on CSOs and their staff, and calls on international actors to develop a more sophisticated and nuanced approach to partnerships – one that strengthens rather than undermines the role of CSOs in conflict settings.