As the conflict in the northern region of Tigray nears five months, compounded by climate-fueled locust infestations and the COVID-19 pandemic, 4.5 million people in Tigray need urgent humanitarian assistance, and an estimated 2.2 million people are now displaced within Ethiopia or neighboring countries. There is evidence of widespread and systematic violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, including indiscriminate bombings, preventing access to humanitarian aid, which could lead to the starvation of civilians, ethnic profiling, extrajudicial killings, killings, abductions and forcible returns of refugees, forced displacement, looting, property destruction and sexual violence, some of which may constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity (UN OSAPG, UN OSRSG SVC, OCHA, UNHCR, HRW, Amnesty). In its discussion of the situation, Council members should demand that all parties to the conflict uphold international humanitarian and human rights law and exercise due diligence in their obligations to protect all civilians from violence, including from GBV, in line with Ethiopia’s domestic laws, including its Constitution, Amended Criminal Code (2005), and revised Family Law. Further, the Council should call on the government to uphold its agreement with the UN to ensure free and unhindered humanitarian access to all people in need, and further call on any humanitarian response to be gender-responsive, inclusive of diverse women and girls, and ensure provision of the full ranges of services for survivors of GBV (IASC). Finally, there should be recognition of the active role of women’s groups in providing frontline support, and the inclusion of women, including young women, as leaders and participants in any efforts to bring an end to the crisis.