In discussing the implementation of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission, the Council should call for particular attention to implementation of the Ethnic Perspectives chapter of the Final Agreement, including its gender-based human rights protections, in order to ensure gender and ethno-racial perspectives are taken into account at all levels, and there is gender balance and ethnic minority representation in all entities, including the transitional justice system. In this context, the Council should require the mission and call on the National Protection Unit (UPN) to regularly consult with Afro-descendant and Indigenous authorities and organizations in the design and implementation of collective security, prevention, and protection measures, with an emphasis on enhancing the degree and scope of measures, for communities and organizations in the territories (Final Agreement; SCR 2242 (2015)). Additionally, the Council should call on the mission and the Government to support and assist Afro-descendant and Indigenous human rights organizations and their respective authorities in establishing and maintaining community-based, gender-responsive self-protection plans to address threats from paramilitaries and other armed actors in areas formerly under FARC-EP control. The Council should further encourage the Commission for Monitoring, Advance, and Verification of the Final Accord (CSIVI) to begin, without delay, proper and meaningful consultation with the Special High Level Body for Ethnic Peoples to ensure full adherence to all provisions of the Final Agreement. The mission should address the risk of an increase in sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in transitional zones and ensure that all cases are adequately investigated and if there is sufficient admissible evidence, prosecuted in fair trials, as it is essential for the successful implementation of personal and collective measures. Finally, in light of the continuing harassment and killings of human rights defenders (HRDs), the Council should call on the Colombian government to properly investigate killings without further delay, and to hold perpetrators fully accountable (Final Agreement; SCR 2366 (2017)).