Given the scope and persistent nature of the human rights and humanitarian law violations by government forces across Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan since 2011, the Council is urged to establish an international commission of inquiry and undertake efforts to stem the illicit flow of arms to the area. Further, as the Council considers the finalreport of the Panel of Experts, inclusion of violations of human rights, including acts of SGBV, should be discussed in the context of expanding the designation criteria for targeted measures.